Fabrics are essential to the success of apparel but finding the right fabric can be a headache for fashion startups. This guide covers all the commonly used types of cloth fabrics, including traditional fabrics like cotton, leather, and wool, popular special weave fabrics such as lyocell and fleece, eco-friendly fabrics like bamboo, and technological fabrics. We offer fabric-sourcing services, or you can also provide your own fabric for production (CMT manufacture). In addition, we support custom weaving and dyeing of fabrics. For more information, please contact our fabric experts.

How to Find the Right Fabric as a Beginner?

Easiest method: Feel the clothes in your wardrobe or go shopping to find textures you like. Check their washing labels.

If this doesn’t work: Consider the following questions and share your answers with us:

What is the purpose of the clothing? Evening dress, gym wear, or daily wear?
Are there any functional requirements? Breathable, waterproof, elastic, or durable?
What is your budget? We'll recommend the best options within your price range.

Becoming an expert starts with understanding four key concepts:

GSM (Grams per Square Meter): GSM is a crucial measure of fabric weight, indicating how much a square meter of fabric weighs. Higher GSM usually means a heavier, thicker fabric, while lower GSM indicates a lighter, thinner fabric.
Pantone Color System: Developed by Pantone Inc., this standardized color-matching system assigns specific numbers to colors, ensuring accurate color communication. You can explore the Pantone Color Finder.
Natural fibers vs. Synthetic Fibers
- Natural fibers: Natural fibers are materials derived from nature, primarily from plants or animals. They typically have good breathability and moisture absorption, making them comfortable to wear. Additionally, they are biodegradable in natural environments, resulting in a lower environmental impact.
- Synthetic Fibers: Synthetic fibers are materials synthesized through chemical processes from petrochemical products or other chemical raw materials. They are usually more abrasion-resistant and durable, and they do not wrinkle easily. Synthetic fibers typically retain brighter colors during dyeing and are less prone to fading.
Blended vs. Single-Fiber Fabrics:
- Single-Fiber Fabrics: Made from one type of fiber, such as 100% cotton or 100% wool.
- Blended Fabrics: Created by combining two or more different fibers to enhance the overall performance of the fabric. For example, a blend of 96% cotton and 4% spandex retains the benefits of cotton while adding the stretch of spandex, making it ideal for garments that require flexibility, like activewear or fitted clothing. (Note: Any fabric can be blended, and the ratio can be adjusted based on requirements.)

If You're Interested in Learning More...

Some of The Most Commonly Used Single-Fiber Fabrics

Cotton

Cotton is a widely used natural textile fiber known for its softness and comfort. It primarily grows in warm climates, with major producers including the USA, China, India, and Brazil. Cotton is excellent at absorbing moisture and is highly breathable, making it perfect for slim cloth. It has rich colors and is made using well-developed techniques. However, it wrinkles easily and can shrink or deform, so pre-shrinking is necessary before making garments.

Wool

Wool is a natural fiber sourced from sheep. Its natural curl helps trap air, providing effective temperature regulation. In spring and summer, wool can quickly wick moisture away from the skin, while in cold weather, it retains heat. This versatility makes wool suitable for year-round wear. After wearing, wool garments can simply be hung up to allow the fibers to return to their original shape. However, wool is prone to shrinking and pilling, requiring special care.

Cashmere

Cashmere comes from the soft undercoat of goats, mainly Cashmere goats. It emerges in the cold winter to protect against the cold and shedding naturally as the weather warms in spring. This natural adaptation to the climate leads to cashmere being rare and expensive. Cashmere is lighter and thinner than wool but much warmer, offering 8 times the warmth of wool with only one-fifth of the weight for the same coverage.

Leather

Leather is made from the skins of animals like cows and sheep, then tanned to make it soft, and resistant to decay. Different animal skins offer unique textures and qualities, making it suitable for various products. It’s extremely durable and tear-resistant, perfect for long-lasting use in furniture and car interiors. Over time, leather softens and develops a unique patina based on how it's used. However, it’s expensive, requires special care, and often faces criticism from animal rights and environmental groups.

Silk

Silk is a natural fiber produced from the cocoon of silkworms, especially the mulberry silkworm. Its distinctive sheen comes from the way silk fibers reflect light, giving silk products a luxurious and elegant look. The fibers are smooth and delicate, offering excellent comfort against the skin, making silk perfect for high-end lingerie, sleepwear, and accessories like scarves and shawls. However, silk needs careful care and should be stored in a cool, dry place to prevent damage.

Linen

Linen is the most common type of fiber among the hemp fabrics, with other hemp fibers including ramie and jute. Linen is a natural fiber derived from flax plants. Linen is made from the long, strong fibers found in the plant’s stalk, resulting in the fabric is highly durable and resistant to wear. Linen is highly breathable and can absorb twice its weight in water, which helps keep the wearer cool and dry, especially in hot and humid weather. However, linen wrinkles easily and should be ironed at low temperatures.

Polyester

Polyester is one of the most widely used synthetic fibers. It is made from petrochemical products through a chemical reaction to form a polymer. Polyester is strong and elastic, making it resistant to stretching and tearing, which results in durable fabrics. It absorbs minimal moisture, allowing it to dry quickly, making it ideal for outdoor and athletic wear. But it's less breathable than natural fibers. Advances in recycling and production efficiency are enhancing polyester’s sustainability profile.

Nylon

Nylon is a synthetic fiber invented by Wallace Carothers and his team at DuPont in the 1930s, created through polymerization of petrochemical derivatives. It is extremely strong and can endure high tension without breaking, making nylon fabrics highly durable and ideal for high-strength applications. Nylon has low moisture absorption, keeping it dry in humid conditions. Its resistance to many chemicals, including oils, alkalis, and certain acids, makes it useful in industrial and military settings.

Spandex

Spandex is a synthetic fiber renowned for its exceptional elasticity, made from polyurethane compounds. It can stretch 5 to 8 times its original length and quickly return to its original shape, making it perfect for cloth like activewear and stretch jeans. Spandex is often blended with other fibers to enhance elasticity. But, it is heat sensitive, as it doesn't withstand prolonged high temperatures well. And low moisture absorption, which can cause discomfort in hot conditions or during vigorous exercise. exercise.

Some of the Popular Special Weave Fabrics

Denim

Denim is a durable cotton twill fabric that originated in the 19th century in the United States. Tailor Levi Strauss and seamstress Jacob Davis combined denim’s toughness with rivet designs to create trousers suitable for workers, which later evolved into classic jeans. Its durability makes it popular in the fashion market, as it can withstand various weather conditions and occasions. Although denim is initially stiff, it becomes soft and comfortable after multiple washes and wears, developing a unique worn effect known as “fading.”

Corduroy

Corduroy is a distinctive cotton fabric known for its unique velvety surface and ribbed texture. The name comes from the French phrase("corde du roi") meaning "king’s corduroy", and was originally designed for the nobility and the wealthy. During the Industrial Revolution, advancements in weaving technology made corduroy production more efficient, leading to its widespread use in workwear. Over time, its rich texture and visual depth have made it a fashionable choice. However, it tends to collect dust and may lose its shape over time.

Jersey

Jersey fabric can be made from various fibers, including cotton, polyester, and Lyocell. Typically, it consists of cotton blended with elastic fibers like spandex to enhance comfort and stretch. Soft and elastic, jersey is very comfortable to wear and is suitable for close-fitting garments. The knitted structure makes it highly breathable, effectively wicking away moisture to keep wearers dry. With excellent elasticity, it adapts well to body movements, making it ideal for activewear and leisurewear. However, it is prone to pilling.

Fleece

Fleece was originally developed by Malden Mills in the 1970s and the current fleece fabric is an improved version collaborated with Patagonia. It is a popular synthetic material, known for its softness, warmth, and lightweight properties. The fabric undergoes special treatment to create a fluffy texture, making it very soft and comfortable to wear. Fleece effectively traps air for excellent insulation, making it ideal for cold weather. It is widely used in fashion, from adult to baby clothing, as well as in home goods and pet care. However, it may pill and lose shape with use.

Mohair

Mohair is a natural fiber from the Angora goat, primarily found in South Africa, Turkey, and the United States, where the climates are suitable for goat farming. Each goat typically yields 2 to 5 kilograms of hair, and its complex production process results in a higher price. Mohair is known for its luster and softness, providing excellent insulation, making it ideal for winter garments. It is also widely used for various accessories, such as scarves, coats, and blankets. However, it is prone to pilling in high-friction areas and may cause allergic reactions in those with sensitive skin.

Velvet

Velvet is an elegant and luxurious fabric, known for its unique texture and sheen. Typically woven from fine, short fibers, it creates a distinctive pile effect. Velvet can be made from various fibers, with silk used for high-end versions and polyester for more economical options. It is ideal for formal occasions, such as evening gowns, and is also popular in home decoration, including curtains and sofas, as well as accessories like gloves and handbags. However, velvet is prone to wear and dust accumulation, requiring special care to keep it looking its best.

Tweed

Tweed is usually made from wool or a blend of cotton and wool, featuring regular check patterns. Its history dates back to the 19th century when it was initially produced in rural Scotland, renowned for its durability and warmth. This fabric represents Scottish pride, often associated with whisky and the famous kilt. A notable example is Harris Tweed, specifically from the islands of Harris and Lewis in Scotland. It is produced by local artisans and is protected by geographical indication. Each piece of Harris Tweed undergoes strict quality control to ensure authenticity and high quality.

Chanel Tweed

Chanel tweed is the signature fabric of the Chanel brand, focusing on elegance and modernity. This unique textile is typically woven from multiple colors and textures of yarn, often combining wool, silk, and synthetic fibers to create rich textures and visual effects. Coco Chanel first introduced this fabric in the 1920s, transforming traditional masculine fabrics into women’s fashion and challenging the constraints of women’s clothing at the time. As a result, Chanel tweed quickly became a symbol of elegance and comfort, still beloved by many women today.

Faux Leather

Faux leather is a synthetic material designed to mimic the look and feel of genuine leather, primarily made from polyurethane (PU) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Compared to genuine leather, faux leather is more affordable, easier to care for, easier to dye, and less prone to fading, offering a wider range of design options. It's a vegan and environmentally friendly option for those who don't like animal products. However, it is usually less durable and breathable than genuine leather and may crack over time. Faux leather is commonly used in clothing, accessories, furniture, and automotive interiors.

Chiffon

Chiffon is a lightweight, sheer fabric that originated in 18th-century France, initially made from silk. With advancements in technology, synthetic chiffon become popular, typically polyester chiffon, which is a cost-effective option. Its texture allows for elegant draping, creating a flowing effect. Various patterns can be achieved through dyeing and printing techniques. Due to its transparency, it is often used in layered designs, adding depth to garments. Besides summer dresses, it is also widely used in wedding gowns.

Eco-friendly Fabric

Organic Cotton

Organic cotton is sourced from cotton that has never been treated with chemical pesticides, fertilizers, or genetically modified seeds. It follows organic farming standards set by certifications like GOTS or USDA Organic. The production process minimizes chemical use and emphasizes natural and sustainable farming practices, prioritizing soil health, water management, and biodiversity.

Recycled Cotton

Recycled cotton is made from reclaimed old cotton fabrics or cotton spinning waste. This involves shredding and cleaning the discarded cotton materials, which are then spun into new yarn to create fresh cotton fabrics. This process reduces the demand for new cotton, thereby conserving resources and minimizing waste. Products made from recycled cotton are often more cost-effective.

Bamboo

Bamboo fiber comes from bamboo, a fast-growing plant that requires minimal water, pesticides, or fertilizers, making it environmentally friendly. Bamboo absorbs significant amounts of carbon dioxide, helping combat climate change. Additionally, bamboo fiber naturally possesses antibacterial and moisture-wicking properties, offering durability and reducing reliance on other resources.

Recycled Polyester

Recycled polyester is derived from discarded PET plastic products, such as plastic bottles. These materials are processed and transformed into new fibers for textile production. Recycling helps reduce the likelihood of plastic waste ending up in landfills or oceans. This approach significantly decreases the consumption of petroleum resources (compared to producing new polyester) while alleviating the environmental burden of plastic waste, such as plastic pollution.

Lyocell

Lyocell is a wood-based fiber, commonly known by the brand name Tencel, owned by the Austrian company Lenzing. Its production involves solvents that are almost fully recycled, minimizing waste and making it eco-friendly. Similar regenerated fibers include modal and viscose. Viscose is a traditional man-made fiber, soft but not very durable, and its manufacturing process is relatively polluting. Modal is an improved version of viscose but is still less environmentally friendly than Lyocell.

Wool

Wool is a natural fiber sourced from sheep. Its natural curl helps trap air, providing effective temperature regulation. In spring and summer, wool can quickly wick moisture away from the skin, while in autumn and winter, it retains heat. This versatility makes wool suitable for year-round wear. After wearing, wool garments can simply be hung up to allow the fibers to return to their original shape. However, wool is prone to shrinking and pilling, requiring special care and typically comes at a higher price.

Sustainable Certification of Our Suppliers

*Due to the involvement of suppliers across multiple industries and companies, please consult in advance for relevant certification qualifications.

Technical Fabric

Technical fabrics are widely used in outdoor sports, fitness, fashion, and medical applications to provide functionality and comfort. Common types of technical fabrics include quick-drying, waterproof and breathable, antibacterial and deodorant, warmth, and other different functions. Following are some common tech fabrics and their descriptions:

Gore-Tex®

Waterproof and Breathable Fabric

Company: W.L. Gore & Associates
Introduction: Gore-Tex is a waterproof yet breathable membrane widely used in outdoor gear like jackets, hiking boots, and gloves. It effectively keeps water out while allowing sweat and moisture to escape, keeping the wearer dry.
Features:
- Excellent waterproof and windproof properties.
- Highly breathable, suitable for long outdoor activities.
- Ideal for extreme weather conditions such as hiking and skiing.

Coolmax®

Moisture-Wicking Fabric

Company: The LYCRA Company
Introduction: Coolmax is a moisture-wicking fabric designed for high-intensity sports. It quickly absorbs and evaporates moisture, keeping the skin dry. It is often used in sportswear and fitness apparel.
Features:
- Fast moisture-wicking and quick-drying.
- Lightweight and breathable, perfect for hot weather and intense exercise.
- Common in running and cycling gear.

Polartec®

Insulating Fabric

Company: Polartec, LLC
Introduction: Polartec is a high-performance insulating fabric commonly used in cold-weather apparel. It traps air to provide warmth while maintaining excellent breathability.
Features:
- Lightweight and warm, with good breathability.
- Fast-drying and durable.
- Used in outdoor jackets, fleece, and thermal wear.

Thinsulate™

Thin Insulation Material

Company: 3M
Introduction: Thinsulate, developed by 3M, is a thin insulating material often used in winter apparel and gloves. It provides excellent warmth without adding bulk.
Features:
- Provides warmth without adding weight or bulk.
- Water-resistant and retains warmth in damp conditions.
- Ideal for winter jackets, gloves, and hats.

Outlast®

Temperature-Regulating Fabric

Company: Outlast Technologies, LLC
Introduction: Outlast is a temperature-regulating fabric originally developed for NASA spacesuits. It absorbs, stores, and releases heat to help maintain a comfortable body temperature.
Features:
- Automatically regulates temperature for added comfort.
- Moisture-wicking, ideal for environments with fluctuating temperatures.
- Commonly used in underwear, bedding, and athletic clothing.

UV Protection Fabric

Company: Various Companies
Introduction: UV protection fabric is treated to block harmful ultraviolet rays from penetrating the garment, protecting the skin from sun damage. It is widely used in outdoor clothing and swimwear.
Features:
- Blocks UV rays to prevent sunburn and skin damage.
- Breathable, ideal for summer and outdoor activities.
- Used in swimwear, outdoor jackets, and hats.

Softshell

Windproof and Breathable Fabric

Company: Various Companies
Introduction: Softshell is a fabric type designed to provide windproof, breathable, and flexible protection for outdoor activities. It offers good insulation and weather resistance, though it's not as fully waterproof as hard-shell fabrics like Gore-Tex.
Features:
- Windproof and breathable, with a soft and flexible feel.
- Suitable for mild weather protection and insulation.
- Commonly used for hiking, climbing, and outdoor activities.

Lycra®

Elastic Fiber

Company: The LYCRA Company
Introduction: Lycra is an elastic fiber trademarked by The LYCRA Company. It is often blended with other fabrics to increase stretch and comfort, making garments more flexible and shape-retentive.
Features:
- High elasticity, providing a comfortable and form-fitting feel.
- Resistant to deformation, ideal for activewear and tight-fitting clothing.
- Common in yoga wear, athletic gear, and compression garments.